A malocclusion is an abnormal alignment of the teeth. It can become a problem in dogs, just as in humans. Today, our Palmyra vets will discuss malocclusions in dogs, the different types, and what you can do to help.
What does a normal bite look like in dogs?
A normal bite for dogs, also called a scissor bite, is where the incisor teeth in the upper jaw are in contact with but slightly overlap those in bottom jaw. This produces a 'scissor' appearance in the way the pre-molars and molars meet down the side of the mouth.
What is malocclusion in dogs?
Malocclusion in dogs refers to the misalignment of teeth, causing an improper bite. This condition can affect the dog's ability to chew properly, lead to discomfort or pain, and sometimes result in dental diseases. Malocclusion can result from genetic factors, injury, or developmental issues.
What are the different types of malocclusion in dogs?
There are several types of malocclusion in dogs, including:
- Overbite: An overbite in dogs occurs when the upper jaw is longer than the lower jaw, causing the upper teeth to overlap the lower teeth excessively.
- Underbite: Commonly seen in brachycephalic breeds, this happens when the lower jaw is longer than the upper jaw, causing the lower teeth to protrude in front of the upper teeth.
- Level Bite: This type occurs when the upper and lower incisors meet edge to edge, which can cause excessive wear on the teeth.
- Open Bite: This is when there is a gap between the upper and lower incisors when the mouth is closed, often due to the improper alignment of the jaw.
- Crossbite: In this case, some of the upper teeth fit inside the lower teeth when the mouth is closed, which can affect either the front (anterior crossbite) or the back (posterior crossbite) of the mouth.
Causes of Malocclusion in Dogs
Malocclusion can happen for various reasons, including:
- Genetics: Many cases of malocclusion are inherited, particularly in certain breeds predisposed to dental issues.
- Injury: Trauma to the jaw or teeth can cause misalignment.
- Developmental Issues: Problems during the development of the jaw or teeth can lead to malocclusion.
- Retained Baby Teeth: If deciduous (baby) teeth do not fall out properly, they can cause permanent teeth to grow incorrectly.
Symptoms of Malocclusion
Dogs with malocclusion may exhibit several symptoms, including:
- Difficulty chewing or eating
- Drooling excessively
- Pawing at the mouth or face
- Bad breath
- Visible misalignment of the teeth
- Pain or discomfort in the mouth
- Gum irritation or injury from misaligned teeth
Treatment for Malocclusion in Dogs
The treatment for malocclusion in dogs depends on the severity and type of misalignment. A veterinarian may simply monitor mild cases that do not cause discomfort or eating difficulties.
In some cases, removing certain teeth can prevent injury to the gums or other teeth. Similar to human braces, these can help realign teeth in some dogs. Severe cases may require surgical intervention to correct jaw alignment.
Preventing and Managing Malocclusion
While genetic factors cannot be prevented, early detection and intervention can help manage malocclusion in dogs. Regular dental check-ups, good oral hygiene, and monitoring your dog's dental development are essential to ensure your pet's dental health.
Understanding malocclusion in dogs and taking appropriate steps to manage the condition can help ensure your dog's comfort and overall well-being. If you suspect your dog has malocclusion, consult your veterinarian for a thorough examination and appropriate treatment plan.
Note: The advice provided in this post is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice regarding pets. For an accurate diagnosis of your pet's condition, please make an appointment with your vet.